"The F1 generation (n = 8/group) was sacrificed when they were 20 days, 8 and 24 weeks (F1-20d, F1-8w, and F1-24w), respectively. All blood samples were collected from the eye vein according to the previous report (Duan et al., 2016; Jin et al., 2019). All tissues were quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until use."

"Alcian blue-periodic acid-schiff (AB-PAS) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining in the colon: The colon, randomly selected 3 mice from F0 or F1 generation 8 male/female mice in each group, was fixed directly in 4% formaldehyde for pathological observation. The samples were embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 μm thick, and then stained with AB-PAS and H&E according to the procedure, respectively. The samples were embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 μm thick, and then stained with AB-PAS and H&E according to the procedure, respectively."

"Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 9 (GraphPad Software) and SPSS 13.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois) between the control group and the treated group by one-way ANOVA followed the Dunnett's test. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05 (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001)."

P0 C57BL/6 Female Mice