BACKGROUND: Prenatal maternal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been reportedly associated with decreased birth weight. Although a majority of epidemiological studies concerning perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have focused on PFOS and PFOA, epidemiological studies of PFAS with longer carbon chains are scarce. In this study, we investigated whether prenatal maternal exposure to 11 PFAS, in particular those with longer carbon chains, is associated with fetal growth.

METHODS: The study included 1985 mother-infant pairs (inclusive of preterm and post-term infants), who enrolled in a large-scale, prospective birth cohort study in any of the 37 hospitals in Hokkaido, Japan between 2003 and 2009. The concentration of 11 PFAS was measured in maternal plasma collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography in combination with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Associations between the measured PFAS values and weight, length, and head circumference of all newborns at birth were examined using multiple regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounders based on data collected from medical records, questionnaires, and those for maternal plasma samples.

RESULTS: Of the 11 PFAS analyzed, prenatal perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) [per log10-unit: regression coefficient (β) = -96.2 g, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), -165.3 to -27.1] and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (β = -72.2 g, 95% CI, -138.1 to -6.3) concentrations were inversely associated with birth weight. Furthermore, PFNA concentrations were inversely associated with birth length (per Log10 unit: β = -0.48 cm, 95% CI; - 0.86 to -0.11). Maternal perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) exposure showed a significant inverse association with birth weight only for female infants (per Log10 unit: β = -99.8 g, 95% CI, - 193.7 to -6.0) (P for interaction = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that prenatal, maternal exposure to PFAS with longer carbon chains tends to be inversely associated with birth size of newborn infants, which may indicate that these commercially used compounds have an adverse effect on fetal growth.

[Untagged]
━ Included
━ ━ Human
━ ━ ━ Pregnant women
━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ Infants
━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ Children
━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ General population
━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ Occupational
━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ Animal
━ ━ ━ Acute
━ ━ ━ Short-term
━ ━ ━ Subchronic
━ ━ ━ Chronic
━ ━ ━ Developmental
━ ━ ━ Peripubertal
━ ━ ━ Multigenerational
━ ━ ━ Not Specified
━ Excluded
━ ━ Manually excluded in SWIFT-Review
━ ━ Manually excluded in SWIFT-Active Screener
━ ━ Automatically excluded via ML in SWIFT-Active Screener
━ ━ Manually excluded in Distiller (TIAB)
━ ━ Manually excluded in Distiller (full-text)
━ ━ ━ Not relevant to PECO
━ ━ ━ No data provided
━ ━ ━ Unable to obtain full-text
━ Supplemental
━ ━ Mechanistic (in vitro/ex vivo/in silico)
━ ━ ADME
━ ━ PK/PBPK
━ ━ Non-mammalian model
━ ━ Transgenic mammalian model
━ ━ Animal disease model
━ ━ Non-oral or non-inhalation route
━ ━ ━ Exposure duration
━ ━ ━ ━ Acute
━ ━ ━ ━ Short-term
━ ━ ━ ━ Subchronic
━ ━ ━ ━ Chronic
━ ━ ━ ━ Developmental
━ ━ ━ ━ Peripubertal
━ ━ ━ ━ Multigenerational
━ ━ ━ ━ Other/unclear
━ ━ ━ Route of exposure
━ ━ ━ ━ Dermal
━ ━ ━ ━ Injection
━ ━ ━ ━ Intravenous
━ ━ ━ ━ Other/unclear
━ ━ Exposure only
━ ━ Mixture
━ ━ Case reports/series (n<=3)
━ ━ No original data
━ ━ Conference abstract
━ ━ ECHA read-across
━ ━ Presumed duplicate
━ ━ Foreign language
━ Chemical
━ ━ Not Specified in Title/Abstract
━ ━ (1H,1H-Perfluoroethyl)(2H-perfluoroethyl)ether
━ ━ (E)-Perfluoro(4-methyl-2-pentene)
━ ━ 1-(Perfluorohexyl)ethane
━ ━ 1-(Perfluorohexyl)octane
━ ━ 1,6-Diiodoperfluorohexane
━ ━ 1,6-Divinylperfluorohexane
━ ━ 1,8-Diiodoperfluorooctane
━ ━ 11-chloroeicoafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonate
━ ━ 11-H-Perfluoroundecanoic acid
━ ━ 1H,1H,5H-Perfluoropentyl methacrylate
━ ━ 1H-Perfluorohexane
━ ━ 2-(N-Ethyl-perfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetate
━ ━ 2-(N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid
━ ━ 2-(N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetate
━ ━ 2-(N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid
━ ━ 2-(Perfluorohexyl)ethanethiol
━ ━ 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl triflate
━ ━ 2,2,3,3,4,4,5-Heptafluorotetrahydro-5-(nonafluorobutyl)furan
━ ━ 2,3-Dichlorooctafluorobutane
━ ━ 2:1 Fluorotelomer alcohol
━ ━ 2H,3H-Decafluoropentane
━ ━ 2H-Perfluoro-2-decenoic acid
━ ━ 2H-Perfluoro-2-octenoic acid
━ ━ 2H-Perfluoro-2-propanol
━ ━ 2-Methoxy-2H-perfluoropropane
━ ━ 2-Perfluorodecyl ethanoic acid
━ ━ 2-Perfluorooctyl ethanoic acid
━ ━ 2-Perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid
━ ━ 2-Vinyl(1-bromoperfluoroethane)
━ ━ 3-(Perfluoroethyl)propanol
━ ━ 3-(Perfluorohexyl)propanol
━ ━ 3-Ethoxyperfluoro(2-methylhexane)
━ ━ 4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid
━ ━ 6:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate diester
━ ━ 6:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate monoester
━ ━ 6:2 Fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate
━ ━ 6:2 Fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonic acid
━ ━ 6:2/8:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate diester
━ ━ 7:1 Fluorotelomer alcohol
━ ━ 7-H-Perfluoroheptanoate
━ ━ 8:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate diester
━ ━ 8:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate monoester
━ ━ 8:2 Fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate
━ ━ 8:2 Fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonic acid
━ ━ 9:1 Fluorotelomer alcohol
━ ━ 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid
━ ━ Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate
━ ━ Dichloromethyl((perfluorohexyl)ethyl)silane
━ ━ Heptafluoro-2-iodopropane
━ ━ Heptafluoropropyl iodide
━ ━ Hexaflumuron
━ ━ Perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
━ ━ Perfluoro-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane
━ ━ Perfluoro-1,4-diiodobutane
━ ━ Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone
━ ━ Perfluoro-4-(perfluoroethyl)cyclohexylsulfonate
━ ━ Perfluorobutyl methyl ether
━ ━ Perfluorodecanesulfonate
━ ━ Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid
━ ━ Perfluorododecanoic acid
━ ━ Perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol
━ ━ Perfluoroisohexane
━ ━ Perfluoromethylcyclohexane
━ ━ Perfluoromethyldecalin
━ ━ Perfluorononanesulfonate
━ ━ Perfluorononanesulfonic acid
━ ━ Perfluorooctane
━ ━ Perfluoropentanesulfonate
━ ━ Perfluoropropanoate
━ ━ Perfluorosebacic acid
━ ━ Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid
━ ━ Sodium bis[2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl] phosphate
━ ━ Trifluoroacetate
━ ━ Trifluoroacetic anhydride
━ ━ Trimethoxy((perfluorohexyl)ethyl)silane
━ Inclusion
━ ━ Human Study
━ ━ Animal Study
━ ━ Mechanistic Study
━ PFAS 430
━ ━ Included
━ ━ ━ Human
━ ━ ━ ━ Pregnant women
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ Infants
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ Children
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ General population
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ Occupational
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ Animal
━ ━ ━ ━ Acute
━ ━ ━ ━ Short-term
━ ━ ━ ━ Subchronic
━ ━ ━ ━ Chronic
━ ━ ━ ━ Developmental
━ ━ ━ ━ Peripubertal
━ ━ ━ ━ Multigenerational
━ ━ ━ ━ Not Specified
━ ━ Excluded
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in SWIFT-Review
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in SWIFT-Active Screener
━ ━ ━ Automatically excluded via ML in SWIFT-Active Screener
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in Distiller (TIAB)
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in Distiller (full-text)
━ ━ ━ ━ Not relevant to PECO
━ ━ ━ ━ No data provided
━ ━ ━ ━ Unable to obtain full-text
━ ━ Supplemental
━ ━ ━ Mechanistic (in vitro/ex vivo/in silico)
━ ━ ━ ADME
━ ━ ━ PK/PBPK
━ ━ ━ Non-mammalian model
━ ━ ━ Transgenic mammalian model
━ ━ ━ Animal disease model
━ ━ ━ Non-oral or non-inhalation route
━ ━ ━ ━ Exposure duration
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Acute
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Short-term
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Subchronic
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Chronic
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Developmental
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Peripubertal
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Multigenerational
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Other/unclear
━ ━ ━ ━ Route of exposure
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Dermal
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Injection
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Intravenous
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Other/unclear
━ ━ ━ Exposure only
━ ━ ━ Mixture
━ ━ ━ Case reports/series (n<=3)
━ ━ ━ No original data
━ ━ ━ Conference abstract
━ ━ ━ ECHA read-across
━ ━ ━ Presumed duplicate
━ ━ ━ Foreign language
━ Additional PFAS
━ ━ Included
━ ━ ━ Human
━ ━ ━ ━ Pregnant women
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ Infants
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ Children
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ General population
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ ━ Occupational
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Case-control
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cohort
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Controlled trial
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Cross-sectional
━ ━ ━ Animal
━ ━ ━ ━ Acute
━ ━ ━ ━ Short-term
━ ━ ━ ━ Subchronic
━ ━ ━ ━ Chronic
━ ━ ━ ━ Developmental
━ ━ ━ ━ Peripubertal
━ ━ ━ ━ Multigenerational
━ ━ ━ ━ Not Specified
━ ━ Excluded
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in SWIFT-Review
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in SWIFT-Active Screener
━ ━ ━ Automatically excluded via ML in SWIFT-Active Screener
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in Distiller (TIAB)
━ ━ ━ Manually excluded in Distiller (full-text)
━ ━ ━ ━ Not relevant to PECO
━ ━ ━ ━ No data provided
━ ━ ━ ━ Unable to obtain full-text
━ ━ Supplemental
━ ━ ━ Mechanistic (in vitro/ex vivo/in silico)
━ ━ ━ ADME
━ ━ ━ PK/PBPK
━ ━ ━ Non-mammalian model
━ ━ ━ Transgenic mammalian model
━ ━ ━ Animal disease model
━ ━ ━ Non-oral or non-inhalation route
━ ━ ━ ━ Exposure duration
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Acute
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Short-term
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Subchronic
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Chronic
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Developmental
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Peripubertal
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Multigenerational
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Other/unclear
━ ━ ━ ━ Route of exposure
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Dermal
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Injection
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Intravenous
━ ━ ━ ━ ━ Other/unclear
━ ━ ━ Exposure only
━ ━ ━ Mixture
━ ━ ━ Case reports/series (n<=3)
━ ━ ━ No original data
━ ━ ━ Conference abstract
━ ━ ━ ECHA read-across
━ ━ ━ Presumed duplicate
━ ━ ━ Foreign language

References (13689 found)